Beyond the WallsChinese Painting

Explore it! Chinese Painting

There are a variety of formats used in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. Typically, these works are created by artists on sheets of paper or silk that are laid on a flat surface and then mounted onto similar material with water soluble glue. Most of these works of art are meant to be shown only occasionally and then put away in storage.

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Learn! Chinese Painting

Explore three formats of Chinese painting.

Chinese Album

Albums

Albums are made from square, sometimes fan-shaped paintings or calligraphy mounted onto individual pages and then assembled and bound.

The album format allows artists to create a number of smaller, thematically similar works or for collectors to organize works according to subject or artist.

Chinese Handscroll

Handscrolls

One form of Chinese painting is the handscroll, a continuous roll of paper onto which an artist paints an image in a horizontal format. Pieces of paper are often added to the mounting after the work of art to provide a space for viewers to inscribe their comments.

The painted image is viewed by unrolling and rolling the scroll with your hands, from right to left, in the same direction as Chinese text. The process of slowly and carefully unrolling a scroll allows you to enter into the space of the painting and to look at the work at your own pace.

Handscrolls are rolled, stored, and viewed only occasionally.

Chinese Handscroll

Hanging Scrolls

The hanging-scroll format is used for vertical compositions. The image is mounted onto paper and framed with decorative silk borders.

A cord attached to a wooden strip at the top of the painting is used to hang the work on a wall. A wooden rod at the bottom not only serves as a weight when the work is hanging but also helps to roll up the painting for storage.

Watch! Unrolling a Chinese Handscroll

The video playing shows a museum conservator examining VMFA's painting made in the style of Xi Gang, The Pleasures of Fishing in a Mountain Stream. Watch to see how a scroll is slowly unrolled from right to left, in the same direction as Chinese text.

Explore It! A Chinese Album

Screenshot of VMFA handscroll explorer interactive features

About this Album

Wu Yunlai was a 19th-century artist of the orthodox literati tradition that was developed at the end of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). His mother was a skilled painter, calligrapher, and poet and provided him with his early instruction.

This album features a series of twelve landscapes. Wu Yunlai follows the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) trend of creating paintings in the style of earlier masters, imitating their subjects and exploring their shared artistic lineages. This type of referential painting was intended for an informed audience, which would share the artist’s knowledge of earlier works.

Explore It! A Chinese Album

Browse the twelve paintings in this album. Press and hold the larger images to zoom and magnify each painting.

Tap and drag to activate the zoom lens

WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Landscape in the Style of Ni Zan


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in., page 9 1/8 x 11 1/4 in., image
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.49

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Landscape in Imitation of Li Tanyuan


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.50

Tap and drag to activate the zoom lens

WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Mountain Peaks and Flowing Clouds


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.51

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Autumn Mountains in Imitation of the Wang Yuanqi


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.52

Tap and drag to activate the zoom lens

WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Mountain Village in Evening Light


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.53

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Autumn Landscape


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.54

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Peach Blossoms at Mountain Mouth


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.55

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Landscape in the Manner of Guan Tong


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.56

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Cloudy Spring


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.57

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WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Summer Clouds in Variegated Mountains


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.58

Tap and drag to activate the zoom lens

WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Evening Scene by the Shore


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson
2005.59

Tap and drag to activate the zoom lens

WU YUNLAI
(Chinese, active 1860-1900)

Album of Twelve Landscape Paintings:
Clear Autumn with a Pavilion by the Pines


19th century
Album; ink, color on paper
11 3/8 x 13 7/8 in.,
Gift of the Family of the
Honorable and Mrs. Walter S. Robertson, 2005.60

Unroll It! A Chinese Handscroll

Explore the many scenes in this 17th century treasure.

Screenshot of VMFA handscroll explorer interactive features

Credit: Spring Morning in the Han Palace, late 17th century. Reproduced with permission from the Cincinnati Art Museum. See sources for full citation.

About this Handscroll

This painting, over thirty feet in length, depicts spring activities in the women's quarters of the imperial palace during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Beautiful women, a painting subject known as shinuhua, gained popularity during the Qing dynasty.

The imaginary nature of this subject allowed painters more artistic freedom and a chance to demonstrate their creativity.

Explore It!

Explore! A Chinese Hanging Scroll

Discover the rich texture found in this masterpiece.

Screenshot of VMFA hangscroll explorer interactive features

Credit: In Praise of the Three Stars, 1782-92, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period (1736-95) Hanging scroll; cut-silk (kesi) weaving, embroidery, painted design. 378.5 x 133 cm (149 x 52 3/8 in.). Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Gift of Mr. Christopher T. Chenery, 64.41

About this Hanging Scroll

This remarkable silk tapestry in VMFA's collection depicts legendary Chinese deities known as the Three Stars.

The entire tapestry is woven in the cut-silk (kesi) technique. Gold and silver embroidery form the figures' costumes, and their facial features are painted in fine lines.

The integration of cut-silk weaving, embroidery, and painting make this scroll among the most spectacular tapestries produced in the Suzhou imperial workshops during the 18th century.

Explore It!