Defining Mughal Vocabulary

Cultural Diffusion: The spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point.

Dynasty: a line of hereditary rulers of a country.

Indo-Persian Culture:  Persian aspects that have been integrated into or absorbed into the culture of South Asia, and in particular, into North India.

Islam: A monotheistic, Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qu’ran, a religious text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of Allah.

Maharaja: Sanskrit title for “great ruler” or “high king”.

Mosque: A Muslim place of worship.

Qu’ran: The central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God.

Turco-Mongol:  A cultural synthesis that arose during the early 1300s among the ruling elites of Mongol empire successor states such as the Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde. These elites adopted Turkic languages and local religions such as Islam and Buddhism, while retaining Mongol political and legal institutions.

Bibliography

Antur, Distrito de Bharatpur Rajastan India (Rajastan Bharatpu district.png). Photograph. Wikimedia Commons. 2011, Digital           Image. Available from: Wikimedia Commons,                                                     https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rajastan_Bharatpu_district.png (Accessed September 3, 2015).

 

GuruGobind_Singh. Photograph. Wikimedia. December 2, 2014. Accessed July 16, 2015.                                                          https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GuruGobind_Singh.jpg.

 

Jaipur-Bharatpur Map. Photograph. Wikimedia. August 11, 2015. Accessed August 21, 2015.                                                       https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jaipur-Bharatpur_map.jpg.

 

Lal, Vinay. “The Mughal Empire.” Manas. 2001. Accessed July 29, 2015.                                                                                     https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Mughals/mughals.html.

 

“Mughal Dynasty.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2014. http://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynasty.

 

Mughal Silk. Photograph. Wikipedia. June 3, 2010. Accessed July 16, 2015.                                                                                 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_silk.jpg.

 

Presentation at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA, March 12, 2015.

 

Richards, John F. “The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707.” In The Mughal Empire, 9-55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,               1995.

 

Schimmel, Annemarie, and Burzine K. Waghmar. The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. London, England:            Reaktion Books, 2004.

 

Schist. Photograph. Wikipedia. March 15, 2005. Accessed July 16, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schist.jpg.

 

Unknown Artist, Garden Pavilion, 19th century. White marble with black schist and brown mottled marble inlays. Virginia                       Museum of Fine Arts.

 

USGS. MarbleUSGOV. Photograph. Wikipedia. July 6, 2005. Accessed July 16, 2015.                                                                     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MarbleUSGOV.jpg.

 

Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Museum Label, Garden Pavilion. Richmond, Virginia, 8 September 2015

 

Wescoat, James L., Jr., and Abdul Rehman. “Gardens of the Mughal Empire.” Smithsonian Institution. Last modified 2009.                      Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.mughalgardens.org/html/home.html.

 

Explore More:

The Garden Pavilion

History of Mughals

Defining Mughal Vocabulary

Details and Materials Associated with the Garden Pavilion

Preservation of the Garden Pavilion

Arvind Answers Your Garden Pavilion Questions